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--- ge:heaters [2022/10/11 08:50] – [Generator Heater Design] Alan Shea
+++ ge:heaters [2024/05/29 23:54] (current) – [Generator Anti-Condensation Heater] Alan Shea
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-======Generator Heater Design===
+======Generator Anti-Condensation Heater===
 Generator windings absorb moisture in high-humidity environments. Moisture weakens the insulation and leads to short-circuits, requiring replacement or rewinding.
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 To prevent this, the generator windings need to be kept slightly warmer than the ambient temperature.
-New windings should have over 500 Meg-ohms from any winding to the frame. This must be measured with a meg-ohmmeter using 500VDC.
+New windings should have over 500 Meg-ohms from any winding to the frame. This should be measured with a meg-ohmmeter using a maximum of 500VDC. ((See //[[https://www.marathongenerators.com/generators/docs/manuals/SP0002.pdf|Service Procedure for Testing Generator Insulation]]// at https://www.marathongenerators.com/generators/serviceProcedures.jsp))
-  * **//WARNING//:** //All leads, voltage regulators, etc, must be disconnected during a meg-ohm/insulation test, both to avoid damaging other equipment and to get accurate results. The high voltage from a meg-ohm meter will damage the voltage regulator and potentially other measuring/control equipment.//
-Used generator windings may be between 50-100 Meg-ohms. If the measured insulation resistance is below 1 Meg-ohm, the generator should be taken out of service and the windings dried by a suitable method. The generator manufacturer can best advise on this.
+<WRAP center round alert 60%>
-  * **//WARNING//:** //Simply starting up a generator with low insulation resistance and a voltage regulator connected can cause a short circuit in the windings resulting in permanent damage in just seconds, even without connecting a load//.
+**//WARNING//:** All leads, voltage regulators, etc, must be **disconnected** during a meg-ohm/insulation test, both to avoid damaging other equipment and to get accurate results. The high voltage from a meg-ohm meter will damage the voltage regulator and potentially other measuring/control equipment.
+</WRAP>
-Factory-supplied anti-condensation heaters operate at approximately 110C+ but are mounted on a bracket in front of the exciter. They depend on the heat conduction through the bracket to the generator frame. This does not seem to keep the actual windings warm enough to prevent moisture ingress.
+Used generator windings may be between 50-100 Meg-ohms. If the measured insulation resistance is below 5 Meg-ohms, the generator should be taken out of service and the windings dried by a suitable method. The generator manufacturer can best advise on this. ((See  //[[https://www.marathongenerators.com/generators/docs/manuals/SP0001.pdf|Generator Cleaning and Decontamination Procedure]]// at https://www.marathongenerators.com/generators/serviceProcedures.jsp))
-We had tried using regulated heat tape, but the heat output decreases with temperature, and at 100F the output is below 1W/foot -- providing less than 25 watts total output.
+<WRAP center round alert 60%>
+**//DANGER//:** Starting a generator that has insulation resistance less than 5 Meg-ohm and with a voltage regulator connected **can cause a short circuit in the windings** resulting in permanent damage in less than one second, even without a load connected.
+</WRAP>
+Factory-supplied anti-condensation heaters operate at approximately 110C+ but are often mounted on a bracket in front of the exciter. They depend on the heat conduction through the bracket to the generator frame. This does not seem to keep the actual windings warm enough to prevent moisture accumulation in the winding insulation. ((Gensets built to spec provide an opportunity to order the generator with extra insulation treatment of the  windings("tropicalization"), which helps resist insulation breakdown caused by moisture absorption.  ))
+We tried using regulated heat tape, but the heat output decreases with temperature, and at 100F the output is below 1W/foot -- providing less than 25 watts total output.
 =====Clothes Iron Heater Solution===
 {{ gen_heater.jpeg?direct&400 |}}
   * Strip the base plate from two 1000W / 230VAC clothes irons
-  * Drill & bolt the bases to each side of the generator mounting foot/frame
+  * Drill & bolt the bases to each side of the generator mounting foot/frame -- avoid the heating element.
-  * Connect to 120VAC
+  * Connect both irons in series and then to 230VAC.
-  * If possible, save the indicator light from the iron and mount it so that it is visible when power is connected to the heater.
+  * If possible, save the indicator light from the iron and mount it so that it is visible when power is connected to the heater to confirm proper operation.
+{{ :ge:generator_heaters_2.png?200|}}
 Operating at half voltage reduces power to 25%
+  * Two 1000W irons in series @ 240V = 500W total, 250W each.
+  * If 120VAC is  available, wire the two irons directly to 120VAC.
   * 1000W @ 240VAC = 250W @ 120VAC
-  * If 120VAC is not available, wire the two irons in series. Two 1000W irons in series @ 240V = 500W total, 250W each.
 Top of generator frame is comfortably warm 12 hours after shutdown. This is ideal.

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